Top 10 Common Antibiotics for Dogs

Just like us, our canine companions can develop bacterial infections that require antibiotics to get back on their paws. If you suspect your dog isn't feeling well, a trip to the veterinarian is essential. They can diagnose the problem and prescribe antibiotics. They will help your furry friend feel better. 

Antibiotics are medications that target and eliminate harmful bacteria, hopefully leaving good bacteria unharmed. They work in various ways: some stop bacteria from building cell walls, while others prevent them from converting glucose into energy. Your veterinarian will choose the best antibiotic for your dog's infection.

Here are the top 10 commonly prescribed dog antibiotics, along with helpful tips for giving them to your furry friend:

Amoxicillin—This broad-spectrum antibiotic typically is prescribed for a wide range of infections, from skin issues to respiratory problems. It works by disrupting bacterial protein production. As with any antibiotic treatment, watch for signs of allergic reactions like hives or swelling in your dog.

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate—Amoxicillin and clavulanate join forces in this antibiotic blend, often prescribed to fight skin and stubborn urinary tract infections. While amoxicillin is meant to tackle a wide range of bacteria, clavulanate is meant to shield it from deactivation. Be sure to complete the full course of treatment—even if your dog appears better.

Gentamicin—This antibiotic is usually prescribed for topical use on skin, ear, and eye infections. Gentamicin can also be combined with an anti-inflammatory drug meant to help reduce swelling, redness and itching in ears. It should not be used in cases of a ruptured ear drum. Do not touch your own eyes or nose after applying this medication.

Chloramphenicol—A powerful broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribed for the tougher bacteria. It typically is prescribed to treat skin, bone, and other infections that prove resistant to other treatments. Gloves and masks should be worn when handling this drug as it can be very dangerous to humans.

Sulfamethoxazole—This medication is prescribed to fight urinary tract infections in dogs. Since it can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, ensure your dog drinks plenty of water while taking Sulfamethoxazole.

Tetracycline—Tetracycline is prescribed to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Side effects are generally related to GI tract, so do not give oral antacids or any oral GI product containing bismuth, calcium, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, or iron during treatment. It should also be avoided in young animals as it can disrupt normal tooth formation and lead to discoloration.

Doxycycline—A relative to Tetracycline, Doxycycline can be easier on a dog's stomach than other antibiotics and is meant to address a broad spectrum of infections. It's commonly prescribed for flea or tick-borne illnesses like Lyme disease. Be sure your dog avoids direct or prolonged sun exposure during treatment.

Enrofloxacin —This antibiotic is prescribed to treat many infections. These include infections in the urinary tract, skin, prostate, lungs, gut, and liver. Enrofloxacin can increase the risk of crystals forming in urine, especially if your dog is dehydrated. Always keep fresh water available.

Clindamycin— This antibiotic is typically prescribed to treat toxoplasmosis and skin, mouth, and bone infections. It's typically well-tolerated by most dogs, but may cause stomach upset. Monitor your dog's stool for consistency and contact your vet if diarrhea becomes severe.

Cephalexin—A popular broad-spectrum antibiotic, known to typically have minimal side effects in dogs. It is prescribed to treat urinary tract, skin, and soft tissue infections, as well as respiratory infections.

While this list provides information on some common antibiotics used in canine medicine, always follow your veterinarian's directions when administering their antibiotic.

Most importantly, never give your dog medication without consulting a veterinarian. Their expertise ensures your furry friend receives the most safe and effective treatment!